On the ice-nucleating potential of warm hydrometeors in mixed-phase clouds

The question whether or not the presence of warm hydrometeors in clouds may play a significant role nucleation new ice particles has been debated for several decades. While early works Fukuta and Lee (1986) Baker (1991) indicated that it might be irrelevant, more recent study Prabhakaran et al. (2019) [arXiv:1906.06129] suggested otherwise. In this work, we are aiming to quantify ice-nucleating potential using high-fidelity flow simulation techniques around single hydrometeor use favorable considerations upscale effects collective clouds. find enhanced vicinity by orders magnitude affected volume air is much larger than previously estimated, very unlikely effect alone causes rapid enhancement observed some types clouds, mainly due low initial volumetric concentration. Nonetheless, implement into existing cloud models order investigate second-order such as nucleus preactivation after onset glaciation.